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How EPC ratings work
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rates how energy efficient a home is, from A (best) to G (worst). Here is what it measures, what it does not, and how to read it.
What an EPC is
An EPC is a certificate produced by an accredited domestic energy assessor after looking at your home. It gives a score out of 100 and a band from A to G, an estimate of running costs, and a list of recommended improvements. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland you can usually look up your home’s EPC on GOV.UK. Scotland has its own Scottish EPC Register.
The bands
| Band | Points (SAP) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| A | 92 to 100 | Most efficient |
| B | 81 to 91 | |
| C | 69 to 80 | |
| D | 55 to 68 | Where many UK homes sit |
| E | 39 to 54 | |
| F | 21 to 38 | |
| G | 1 to 20 | Least efficient |
What the assessor looks at
- The age, type and size of the home, and how many walls are exposed.
- Wall, roof and floor construction and any insulation.
- Windows and doors, and the type of glazing.
- The heating system, controls and hot-water cylinder.
- Lighting, and any solar panels or other generation.
The assessment uses a standard method, so it estimates how a typical household would use the home. It is not a measurement of your own bills, and two similar houses can have different EPCs because of small differences the assessor records.
How long an EPC lasts
An EPC is valid for ten years. It is needed when a home is built, sold or let. After you make improvements it is worth getting a new one so the certificate shows them, and only an accredited assessor can issue it.
Why it matters
A better rating generally means a home that is cheaper to keep warm and more comfortable. Landlords in England and Wales must meet minimum EPC standards to let a home, and the rules have been under review, so check the current position on GOV.UK. Do not rely on any website, including this one, for the rules that apply to you.
Common questions
- Will upgrades definitely move my band? Not necessarily. Points are added up for the whole home, and some upgrades add few points. We show indicative ranges only.
- Can I change my EPC myself? No. Only an accredited assessor can issue one.
- Is the EPC cost estimate a quote? No, it is an estimate based on standard assumptions.
Next: how to improve your EPC rating, or browse upgrades.
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